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Isotopic analysis is one of the most difficult scientific processes in the history of man. There are few ways to conduct this analysis, as a result. However, nuclear magnetic resonance is one of those ways. This method allows to quantify with great precision the differences of isotopic contents on each site of a molecule and thus to measure the specific natural isotope fractionation for each site of this molecule. The SNIF-NMR analysis is mainly used to check the authenticity of wines, spirits, fruit juice, honey, sugar and vinegar and to control the naturality of some aromatic molecules (vanillin, benzaldehyde, raspberry ketone, anethole ...). The SNIF-NMR method has been adopted by the Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du vin (OIV) and the European Union as an official method for wine analysis. It is also an official method adopted by the Association Of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) for analysis of fruit juices, maple syrup, vanillin, and by the Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) for vinegar. The method has been developed, in response to a government tender, by Professor Gerard Martin and his team at the University of Nantes, in order to detect the (over) sugaring of wine and enrichment of grape musts. == Background == * 1981: Invention of the SNIF-NMR method by Professor Gerard Martin, Maryvonne Martin and their team at the University of Nantes / CNRS 〔Eurofins Scientific – Worldwide laboratory testing services, “Eurofins Scientific - 1987 - 1997 - The Start-up Phase”, (consulted the 2nd of January 2014). http://www.eurofins.com/en/about-us/our-history/start-up-phase.aspx〕 * 1987: Creation of Eurofins Nantes Laboratories - specializing in wine analysis, and purchase of operating the CNRS patent rights〔 (this patent is now public and the name “SNIF-NMR” is now a registered trademark〔INPI : Institut National de la Propriété Industrielle, "Bases de Données Marques", (consulted the 6th of January 2014). http://bases-marques.inpi.fr/〕 The OIV adopts it as an official method * 1987-1990: Eurofins Laboratories apply the SNIF-NMR method to the analysis of fruit juices and certain natural flavors * 1990: The SNIF-NMR method is recognized by the European Union as an official method for the analysis of wines〔Commission Regulation of the European communities, 1990. (EEC) n° 000/90: “determining community methods for the analysis of wine”. Brussels, Official Journal of the European communities, p.64-73〕 → Implementation of the SNIF-NMR method for official laboratories in Europe * 1990-1992: the method is tested on aromatic molecules * 1996: The SNIF- NMR method is recognized in the United States by the AOAC for fruit juices〔AOAC official Method 995.17, Beet Sugar in Fruit Juices, SNIF-NMR, AOAC International 1996〕 → Implementation of the SNIF-NMR< method for official laboratories in US * 2001: The SNIF-NMR< method is recognized by the AOAC for vanillin * 2013: The SNIF-NMR method is recognized by the CEN for acetic acid → Implementation of the SNIF-NMR method for official laboratories in Asia 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isotopic analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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